dendrite/userapi/storage/shared/storage.go

// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package shared

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"database/sql"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib"
	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib/fclient"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"

	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/clientapi/auth/authtypes"
	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/pushrules"
	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/sqlutil"
	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/userapi/api"
	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/userapi/storage/tables"
	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/userapi/types"
)

// Database represents an account database
type Database struct {
	DB                    *sql.DB
	Writer                sqlutil.Writer
	Accounts              tables.AccountsTable
	Profiles              tables.ProfileTable
	AccountDatas          tables.AccountDataTable
	ThreePIDs             tables.ThreePIDTable
	OpenIDTokens          tables.OpenIDTable
	KeyBackups            tables.KeyBackupTable
	KeyBackupVersions     tables.KeyBackupVersionTable
	Devices               tables.DevicesTable
	LoginTokens           tables.LoginTokenTable
	Notifications         tables.NotificationTable
	Pushers               tables.PusherTable
	Stats                 tables.StatsTable
	LoginTokenLifetime    time.Duration
	ServerName            gomatrixserverlib.ServerName
	BcryptCost            int
	OpenIDTokenLifetimeMS int64
}

type KeyDatabase struct {
	OneTimeKeysTable      tables.OneTimeKeys
	DeviceKeysTable       tables.DeviceKeys
	KeyChangesTable       tables.KeyChanges
	StaleDeviceListsTable tables.StaleDeviceLists
	CrossSigningKeysTable tables.CrossSigningKeys
	CrossSigningSigsTable tables.CrossSigningSigs
	DB                    *sql.DB
	Writer                sqlutil.Writer
}

const (
	// The length of generated device IDs
	deviceIDByteLength   = 6
	loginTokenByteLength = 32
)

// GetAccountByPassword returns the account associated with the given localpart and password.
// Returns sql.ErrNoRows if no account exists which matches the given localpart.
func (d *Database) GetAccountByPassword(
	ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	plaintextPassword string,
) (*api.Account, error) {
	hash, err := d.Accounts.SelectPasswordHash(ctx, localpart, serverName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(hash) == 0 && len(plaintextPassword) > 0 {
		return nil, bcrypt.ErrHashTooShort
	}
	if err := bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(hash), []byte(plaintextPassword)); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return d.Accounts.SelectAccountByLocalpart(ctx, localpart, serverName)
}

// GetProfileByLocalpart returns the profile associated with the given localpart.
// Returns sql.ErrNoRows if no profile exists which matches the given localpart.
func (d *Database) GetProfileByLocalpart(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) (*authtypes.Profile, error) {
	return d.Profiles.SelectProfileByLocalpart(ctx, localpart, serverName)
}

// SetAvatarURL updates the avatar URL of the profile associated with the given
// localpart. Returns an error if something went wrong with the SQL query
func (d *Database) SetAvatarURL(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	avatarURL string,
) (profile *authtypes.Profile, changed bool, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		profile, changed, err = d.Profiles.SetAvatarURL(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, avatarURL)
		return err
	})
	return
}

// SetDisplayName updates the display name of the profile associated with the given
// localpart. Returns an error if something went wrong with the SQL query
func (d *Database) SetDisplayName(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	displayName string,
) (profile *authtypes.Profile, changed bool, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		profile, changed, err = d.Profiles.SetDisplayName(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, displayName)
		return err
	})
	return
}

// SetPassword sets the account password to the given hash.
func (d *Database) SetPassword(
	ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	plaintextPassword string,
) error {
	hash, err := d.hashPassword(plaintextPassword)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return d.Writer.Do(nil, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Accounts.UpdatePassword(ctx, localpart, serverName, hash)
	})
}

// CreateAccount makes a new account with the given login name and password, and creates an empty profile
// for this account. If no password is supplied, the account will be a passwordless account. If the
// account already exists, it will return nil, ErrUserExists.
func (d *Database) CreateAccount(
	ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	plaintextPassword, appserviceID string, accountType api.AccountType,
) (acc *api.Account, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		// For guest accounts, we create a new numeric local part
		if accountType == api.AccountTypeGuest {
			var numLocalpart int64
			numLocalpart, err = d.Accounts.SelectNewNumericLocalpart(ctx, txn, serverName)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("d.Accounts.SelectNewNumericLocalpart: %w", err)
			}
			localpart = strconv.FormatInt(numLocalpart, 10)
			plaintextPassword = ""
			appserviceID = ""
		}
		acc, err = d.createAccount(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, plaintextPassword, appserviceID, accountType)
		return err
	})
	return
}

// WARNING! This function assumes that the relevant mutexes have already
// been taken out by the caller (e.g. CreateAccount or CreateGuestAccount).
func (d *Database) createAccount(
	ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	plaintextPassword, appserviceID string, accountType api.AccountType,
) (*api.Account, error) {
	var err error
	var account *api.Account
	// Generate a password hash if this is not a password-less user
	hash := ""
	if plaintextPassword != "" {
		hash, err = d.hashPassword(plaintextPassword)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	if account, err = d.Accounts.InsertAccount(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, hash, appserviceID, accountType); err != nil {
		return nil, sqlutil.ErrUserExists
	}
	if err = d.Profiles.InsertProfile(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("d.Profiles.InsertProfile: %w", err)
	}
	pushRuleSets := pushrules.DefaultAccountRuleSets(localpart, serverName)
	prbs, err := json.Marshal(pushRuleSets)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("json.Marshal: %w", err)
	}
	if err = d.AccountDatas.InsertAccountData(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, "", "m.push_rules", json.RawMessage(prbs)); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("d.AccountDatas.InsertAccountData: %w", err)
	}
	return account, nil
}

func (d *Database) QueryPushRules(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) (*pushrules.AccountRuleSets, error) {
	data, err := d.AccountDatas.SelectAccountDataByType(ctx, localpart, serverName, "", "m.push_rules")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// If we didn't find any default push rules then we should just generate some
	// fresh ones.
	if len(data) == 0 {
		pushRuleSets := pushrules.DefaultAccountRuleSets(localpart, serverName)
		prbs, err := json.Marshal(pushRuleSets)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal default push rules: %w", err)
		}
		err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
			if dbErr := d.AccountDatas.InsertAccountData(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, "", "m.push_rules", prbs); dbErr != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to save default push rules: %w", dbErr)
			}
			return nil
		})

		return pushRuleSets, err
	}

	var pushRules pushrules.AccountRuleSets
	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &pushRules); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &pushRules, nil
}

// SaveAccountData saves new account data for a given user and a given room.
// If the account data is not specific to a room, the room ID should be an empty string
// If an account data already exists for a given set (user, room, data type), it will
// update the corresponding row with the new content
// Returns a SQL error if there was an issue with the insertion/update
func (d *Database) SaveAccountData(
	ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	roomID, dataType string, content json.RawMessage,
) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.AccountDatas.InsertAccountData(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, roomID, dataType, content)
	})
}

// GetAccountData returns account data related to a given localpart
// If no account data could be found, returns an empty arrays
// Returns an error if there was an issue with the retrieval
func (d *Database) GetAccountData(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName) (
	global map[string]json.RawMessage,
	rooms map[string]map[string]json.RawMessage,
	err error,
) {
	return d.AccountDatas.SelectAccountData(ctx, localpart, serverName)
}

// GetAccountDataByType returns account data matching a given
// localpart, room ID and type.
// If no account data could be found, returns nil
// Returns an error if there was an issue with the retrieval
func (d *Database) GetAccountDataByType(
	ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	roomID, dataType string,
) (data json.RawMessage, err error) {
	return d.AccountDatas.SelectAccountDataByType(
		ctx, localpart, serverName, roomID, dataType,
	)
}

// GetNewNumericLocalpart generates and returns a new unused numeric localpart
func (d *Database) GetNewNumericLocalpart(
	ctx context.Context, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) (int64, error) {
	return d.Accounts.SelectNewNumericLocalpart(ctx, nil, serverName)
}

func (d *Database) hashPassword(plaintext string) (hash string, err error) {
	hashBytes, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(plaintext), d.BcryptCost)
	return string(hashBytes), err
}

// Err3PIDInUse is the error returned when trying to save an association involving
// a third-party identifier which is already associated to a local user.
var Err3PIDInUse = errors.New("this third-party identifier is already in use")

// SaveThreePIDAssociation saves the association between a third party identifier
// and a local Matrix user (identified by the user's ID's local part).
// If the third-party identifier is already part of an association, returns Err3PIDInUse.
// Returns an error if there was a problem talking to the database.
func (d *Database) SaveThreePIDAssociation(
	ctx context.Context, threepid string,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	medium string,
) (err error) {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		user, _, err := d.ThreePIDs.SelectLocalpartForThreePID(
			ctx, txn, threepid, medium,
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if len(user) > 0 {
			return Err3PIDInUse
		}

		return d.ThreePIDs.InsertThreePID(ctx, txn, threepid, medium, localpart, serverName)
	})
}

// RemoveThreePIDAssociation removes the association involving a given third-party
// identifier.
// If no association exists involving this third-party identifier, returns nothing.
// If there was a problem talking to the database, returns an error.
func (d *Database) RemoveThreePIDAssociation(
	ctx context.Context, threepid string, medium string,
) (err error) {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.ThreePIDs.DeleteThreePID(ctx, txn, threepid, medium)
	})
}

// GetLocalpartForThreePID looks up the localpart associated with a given third-party
// identifier.
// If no association involves the given third-party idenfitier, returns an empty
// string.
// Returns an error if there was a problem talking to the database.
func (d *Database) GetLocalpartForThreePID(
	ctx context.Context, threepid string, medium string,
) (localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, err error) {
	return d.ThreePIDs.SelectLocalpartForThreePID(ctx, nil, threepid, medium)
}

// GetThreePIDsForLocalpart looks up the third-party identifiers associated with
// a given local user.
// If no association is known for this user, returns an empty slice.
// Returns an error if there was an issue talking to the database.
func (d *Database) GetThreePIDsForLocalpart(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) (threepids []authtypes.ThreePID, err error) {
	return d.ThreePIDs.SelectThreePIDsForLocalpart(ctx, localpart, serverName)
}

// CheckAccountAvailability checks if the username/localpart is already present
// in the database.
// If the DB returns sql.ErrNoRows the Localpart isn't taken.
func (d *Database) CheckAccountAvailability(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName) (bool, error) {
	_, err := d.Accounts.SelectAccountByLocalpart(ctx, localpart, serverName)
	if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
		return true, nil
	}
	return false, err
}

// GetAccountByLocalpart returns the account associated with the given localpart.
// This function assumes the request is authenticated or the account data is used only internally.
// Returns sql.ErrNoRows if no account exists which matches the given localpart.
func (d *Database) GetAccountByLocalpart(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) (*api.Account, error) {
	// try to get the account with lowercase localpart (majority)
	acc, err := d.Accounts.SelectAccountByLocalpart(ctx, strings.ToLower(localpart), serverName)
	if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
		acc, err = d.Accounts.SelectAccountByLocalpart(ctx, localpart, serverName) // try with localpart as passed by the request
	}
	return acc, err
}

// SearchProfiles returns all profiles where the provided localpart or display name
// match any part of the profiles in the database.
func (d *Database) SearchProfiles(ctx context.Context, searchString string, limit int,
) ([]authtypes.Profile, error) {
	return d.Profiles.SelectProfilesBySearch(ctx, searchString, limit)
}

// DeactivateAccount deactivates the user's account, removing all ability for the user to login again.
func (d *Database) DeactivateAccount(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName) (err error) {
	return d.Writer.Do(nil, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Accounts.DeactivateAccount(ctx, localpart, serverName)
	})
}

// CreateOpenIDToken persists a new token that was issued for OpenID Connect
func (d *Database) CreateOpenIDToken(
	ctx context.Context,
	token, userID string,
) (int64, error) {
	localpart, domain, err := gomatrixserverlib.SplitID('@', userID)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, nil
	}
	expiresAtMS := time.Now().UnixNano()/int64(time.Millisecond) + d.OpenIDTokenLifetimeMS
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.OpenIDTokens.InsertOpenIDToken(ctx, txn, token, localpart, domain, expiresAtMS)
	})
	return expiresAtMS, err
}

// GetOpenIDTokenAttributes gets the attributes of issued an OIDC auth token
func (d *Database) GetOpenIDTokenAttributes(
	ctx context.Context,
	token string,
) (*api.OpenIDTokenAttributes, error) {
	return d.OpenIDTokens.SelectOpenIDTokenAtrributes(ctx, token)
}

func (d *Database) CreateKeyBackup(
	ctx context.Context, userID, algorithm string, authData json.RawMessage,
) (version string, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		version, err = d.KeyBackupVersions.InsertKeyBackup(ctx, txn, userID, algorithm, authData, "")
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *Database) UpdateKeyBackupAuthData(
	ctx context.Context, userID, version string, authData json.RawMessage,
) (err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.KeyBackupVersions.UpdateKeyBackupAuthData(ctx, txn, userID, version, authData)
	})
	return
}

func (d *Database) DeleteKeyBackup(
	ctx context.Context, userID, version string,
) (exists bool, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		exists, err = d.KeyBackupVersions.DeleteKeyBackup(ctx, txn, userID, version)
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *Database) GetKeyBackup(
	ctx context.Context, userID, version string,
) (versionResult, algorithm string, authData json.RawMessage, etag string, deleted bool, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		versionResult, algorithm, authData, etag, deleted, err = d.KeyBackupVersions.SelectKeyBackup(ctx, txn, userID, version)
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *Database) GetBackupKeys(
	ctx context.Context, version, userID, filterRoomID, filterSessionID string,
) (result map[string]map[string]api.KeyBackupSession, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		if filterSessionID != "" {
			result, err = d.KeyBackups.SelectKeysByRoomIDAndSessionID(ctx, txn, userID, version, filterRoomID, filterSessionID)
			return err
		}
		if filterRoomID != "" {
			result, err = d.KeyBackups.SelectKeysByRoomID(ctx, txn, userID, version, filterRoomID)
			return err
		}
		result, err = d.KeyBackups.SelectKeys(ctx, txn, userID, version)
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *Database) CountBackupKeys(
	ctx context.Context, version, userID string,
) (count int64, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		count, err = d.KeyBackups.CountKeys(ctx, txn, userID, version)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	})
	return
}

// nolint:nakedret
func (d *Database) UpsertBackupKeys(
	ctx context.Context, version, userID string, uploads []api.InternalKeyBackupSession,
) (count int64, etag string, err error) {
	// wrap the following logic in a txn to ensure we atomically upload keys
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		_, _, _, oldETag, deleted, err := d.KeyBackupVersions.SelectKeyBackup(ctx, txn, userID, version)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if deleted {
			return fmt.Errorf("backup was deleted")
		}
		// pull out all keys for this (user_id, version)
		existingKeys, err := d.KeyBackups.SelectKeys(ctx, txn, userID, version)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		changed := false
		// loop over all the new keys (which should be smaller than the set of backed up keys)
		for _, newKey := range uploads {
			// if we have a matching (room_id, session_id), we may need to update the key if it meets some rules, check them.
			existingRoom := existingKeys[newKey.RoomID]
			if existingRoom != nil {
				existingSession, ok := existingRoom[newKey.SessionID]
				if ok {
					if existingSession.ShouldReplaceRoomKey(&newKey.KeyBackupSession) {
						err = d.KeyBackups.UpdateBackupKey(ctx, txn, userID, version, newKey)
						changed = true
						if err != nil {
							return fmt.Errorf("d.KeyBackups.UpdateBackupKey: %w", err)
						}
					}
					// if we shouldn't replace the key we do nothing with it
					continue
				}
			}
			// if we're here, either the room or session are new, either way, we insert
			err = d.KeyBackups.InsertBackupKey(ctx, txn, userID, version, newKey)
			changed = true
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("d.KeyBackups.InsertBackupKey: %w", err)
			}
		}

		count, err = d.KeyBackups.CountKeys(ctx, txn, userID, version)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if changed {
			// update the etag
			var newETag string
			if oldETag == "" {
				newETag = "1"
			} else {
				oldETagInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(oldETag, 10, 64)
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse old etag: %s", err)
				}
				newETag = strconv.FormatInt(oldETagInt+1, 10)
			}
			etag = newETag
			return d.KeyBackupVersions.UpdateKeyBackupETag(ctx, txn, userID, version, newETag)
		} else {
			etag = oldETag
		}

		return nil
	})
	return
}

// GetDeviceByAccessToken returns the device matching the given access token.
// Returns sql.ErrNoRows if no matching device was found.
func (d *Database) GetDeviceByAccessToken(
	ctx context.Context, token string,
) (*api.Device, error) {
	return d.Devices.SelectDeviceByToken(ctx, token)
}

// GetDeviceByID returns the device matching the given ID.
// Returns sql.ErrNoRows if no matching device was found.
func (d *Database) GetDeviceByID(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	deviceID string,
) (*api.Device, error) {
	return d.Devices.SelectDeviceByID(ctx, localpart, serverName, deviceID)
}

// GetDevicesByLocalpart returns the devices matching the given localpart.
func (d *Database) GetDevicesByLocalpart(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) ([]api.Device, error) {
	return d.Devices.SelectDevicesByLocalpart(ctx, nil, localpart, serverName, "")
}

func (d *Database) GetDevicesByID(ctx context.Context, deviceIDs []string) ([]api.Device, error) {
	return d.Devices.SelectDevicesByID(ctx, deviceIDs)
}

// CreateDevice makes a new device associated with the given user ID localpart.
// If there is already a device with the same device ID for this user, that access token will be revoked
// and replaced with the given accessToken. If the given accessToken is already in use for another device,
// an error will be returned.
// If no device ID is given one is generated.
// Returns the device on success.
func (d *Database) CreateDevice(
	ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	deviceID *string, accessToken string, displayName *string, ipAddr, userAgent string,
) (dev *api.Device, returnErr error) {
	if deviceID != nil {
		_, ok := d.Writer.(*sqlutil.ExclusiveWriter)
		if ok { // we're using most likely using SQLite, so do things a little different
			returnErr = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
				var err error

				devices, err := d.Devices.SelectDevicesByLocalpart(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, "")
				if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
					return err
				}
				// No devices yet, only create a new one
				if len(devices) == 0 {
					dev, err = d.Devices.InsertDevice(ctx, txn, *deviceID, localpart, serverName, accessToken, displayName, ipAddr, userAgent)
					return err
				}
				sessionID := devices[0].SessionID + 1

				// Revoke existing tokens for this device
				if err = d.Devices.DeleteDevice(ctx, txn, *deviceID, localpart, serverName); err != nil {
					return err
				}
				// Create a new device with the session ID incremented
				dev, err = d.Devices.InsertDeviceWithSessionID(ctx, txn, *deviceID, localpart, serverName, accessToken, displayName, ipAddr, userAgent, sessionID)
				return err
			})
		} else {
			returnErr = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
				var err error
				// Revoke existing tokens for this device
				if err = d.Devices.DeleteDevice(ctx, txn, *deviceID, localpart, serverName); err != nil {
					return err
				}

				dev, err = d.Devices.InsertDevice(ctx, txn, *deviceID, localpart, serverName, accessToken, displayName, ipAddr, userAgent)
				return err
			})
		}
	} else {
		// We generate device IDs in a loop in case its already taken.
		// We cap this at going round 5 times to ensure we don't spin forever
		var newDeviceID string
		for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
			newDeviceID, returnErr = generateDeviceID()
			if returnErr != nil {
				return
			}

			returnErr = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
				var err error
				dev, err = d.Devices.InsertDevice(ctx, txn, newDeviceID, localpart, serverName, accessToken, displayName, ipAddr, userAgent)
				return err
			})
			if returnErr == nil {
				return
			}
		}
	}
	return dev, returnErr
}

// generateDeviceID creates a new device id. Returns an error if failed to generate
// random bytes.
func generateDeviceID() (string, error) {
	b := make([]byte, deviceIDByteLength)
	_, err := rand.Read(b)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	// url-safe no padding
	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
}

// UpdateDevice updates the given device with the display name.
// Returns SQL error if there are problems and nil on success.
func (d *Database) UpdateDevice(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	deviceID string, displayName *string,
) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Devices.UpdateDeviceName(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, deviceID, displayName)
	})
}

// RemoveDevices revokes one or more devices by deleting the entry in the database
// matching with the given device IDs and user ID localpart.
// If the devices don't exist, it will not return an error
// If something went wrong during the deletion, it will return the SQL error.
func (d *Database) RemoveDevices(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	devices []string,
) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		if err := d.Devices.DeleteDevices(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, devices); err != sql.ErrNoRows {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	})
}

// RemoveAllDevices revokes devices by deleting the entry in the
// database matching the given user ID localpart.
// If something went wrong during the deletion, it will return the SQL error.
func (d *Database) RemoveAllDevices(
	ctx context.Context,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
	exceptDeviceID string,
) (devices []api.Device, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		devices, err = d.Devices.SelectDevicesByLocalpart(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, exceptDeviceID)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := d.Devices.DeleteDevicesByLocalpart(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, exceptDeviceID); err != sql.ErrNoRows {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	})
	return
}

// UpdateDeviceLastSeen updates a last seen timestamp and the ip address.
func (d *Database) UpdateDeviceLastSeen(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, deviceID, ipAddr, userAgent string) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Devices.UpdateDeviceLastSeen(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, deviceID, ipAddr, userAgent)
	})
}

// CreateLoginToken generates a token, stores and returns it. The lifetime is
// determined by the loginTokenLifetime given to the Database constructor.
func (d *Database) CreateLoginToken(ctx context.Context, data *api.LoginTokenData) (*api.LoginTokenMetadata, error) {
	tok, err := generateLoginToken()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	meta := &api.LoginTokenMetadata{
		Token:      tok,
		Expiration: time.Now().Add(d.LoginTokenLifetime),
	}

	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.LoginTokens.InsertLoginToken(ctx, txn, meta, data)
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return meta, nil
}

func generateLoginToken() (string, error) {
	b := make([]byte, loginTokenByteLength)
	_, err := rand.Read(b)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
}

// RemoveLoginToken removes the named token (and may clean up other expired tokens).
func (d *Database) RemoveLoginToken(ctx context.Context, token string) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.LoginTokens.DeleteLoginToken(ctx, txn, token)
	})
}

// GetLoginTokenDataByToken returns the data associated with the given token.
// May return sql.ErrNoRows.
func (d *Database) GetLoginTokenDataByToken(ctx context.Context, token string) (*api.LoginTokenData, error) {
	return d.LoginTokens.SelectLoginToken(ctx, token)
}

func (d *Database) InsertNotification(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, eventID string, pos uint64, tweaks map[string]interface{}, n *api.Notification) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Notifications.Insert(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, eventID, pos, pushrules.BoolTweakOr(tweaks, pushrules.HighlightTweak, false), n)
	})
}

func (d *Database) DeleteNotificationsUpTo(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, roomID string, pos uint64) (affected bool, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		affected, err = d.Notifications.DeleteUpTo(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, roomID, pos)
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *Database) SetNotificationsRead(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, roomID string, pos uint64, b bool) (affected bool, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		affected, err = d.Notifications.UpdateRead(ctx, txn, localpart, serverName, roomID, pos, b)
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *Database) GetNotifications(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, fromID int64, limit int, filter tables.NotificationFilter) ([]*api.Notification, int64, error) {
	return d.Notifications.Select(ctx, nil, localpart, serverName, fromID, limit, filter)
}

func (d *Database) GetNotificationCount(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, filter tables.NotificationFilter) (int64, error) {
	return d.Notifications.SelectCount(ctx, nil, localpart, serverName, filter)
}

func (d *Database) GetRoomNotificationCounts(ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, roomID string) (total int64, highlight int64, _ error) {
	return d.Notifications.SelectRoomCounts(ctx, nil, localpart, serverName, roomID)
}

func (d *Database) DeleteOldNotifications(ctx context.Context) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Notifications.Clean(ctx, txn)
	})
}

func (d *Database) UpsertPusher(
	ctx context.Context, p api.Pusher,
	localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) error {
	data, err := json.Marshal(p.Data)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Pushers.InsertPusher(
			ctx, txn,
			p.SessionID,
			p.PushKey,
			p.PushKeyTS,
			p.Kind,
			p.AppID,
			p.AppDisplayName,
			p.DeviceDisplayName,
			p.ProfileTag,
			p.Language,
			string(data),
			localpart,
			serverName)
	})
}

// GetPushers returns the pushers matching the given localpart.
func (d *Database) GetPushers(
	ctx context.Context, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) ([]api.Pusher, error) {
	return d.Pushers.SelectPushers(ctx, nil, localpart, serverName)
}

// RemovePusher deletes one pusher
// Invoked when `append` is true and `kind` is null in
// https://matrix.org/docs/spec/client_server/r0.6.1#post-matrix-client-r0-pushers-set
func (d *Database) RemovePusher(
	ctx context.Context, appid, pushkey, localpart string, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		err := d.Pushers.DeletePusher(ctx, txn, appid, pushkey, localpart, serverName)
		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
			return nil
		}
		return err
	})
}

// RemovePushers deletes all pushers that match given App Id and Push Key pair.
// Invoked when `append` parameter is false in
// https://matrix.org/docs/spec/client_server/r0.6.1#post-matrix-client-r0-pushers-set
func (d *Database) RemovePushers(
	ctx context.Context, appid, pushkey string,
) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Pushers.DeletePushers(ctx, txn, appid, pushkey)
	})
}

// UserStatistics populates types.UserStatistics, used in reports.
func (d *Database) UserStatistics(ctx context.Context) (*types.UserStatistics, *types.DatabaseEngine, error) {
	return d.Stats.UserStatistics(ctx, nil)
}

func (d *Database) UpsertDailyRoomsMessages(ctx context.Context, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName, stats types.MessageStats, activeRooms, activeE2EERooms int64) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.Stats.UpsertDailyStats(ctx, txn, serverName, stats, activeRooms, activeE2EERooms)
	})
}

func (d *Database) DailyRoomsMessages(
	ctx context.Context, serverName gomatrixserverlib.ServerName,
) (stats types.MessageStats, activeRooms, activeE2EERooms int64, err error) {
	return d.Stats.DailyRoomsMessages(ctx, nil, serverName)
}

//

func (d *KeyDatabase) ExistingOneTimeKeys(ctx context.Context, userID, deviceID string, keyIDsWithAlgorithms []string) (map[string]json.RawMessage, error) {
	return d.OneTimeKeysTable.SelectOneTimeKeys(ctx, userID, deviceID, keyIDsWithAlgorithms)
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) StoreOneTimeKeys(ctx context.Context, keys api.OneTimeKeys) (counts *api.OneTimeKeysCount, err error) {
	_ = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		counts, err = d.OneTimeKeysTable.InsertOneTimeKeys(ctx, txn, keys)
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) OneTimeKeysCount(ctx context.Context, userID, deviceID string) (*api.OneTimeKeysCount, error) {
	return d.OneTimeKeysTable.CountOneTimeKeys(ctx, userID, deviceID)
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) DeviceKeysJSON(ctx context.Context, keys []api.DeviceMessage) error {
	return d.DeviceKeysTable.SelectDeviceKeysJSON(ctx, keys)
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) PrevIDsExists(ctx context.Context, userID string, prevIDs []int64) (bool, error) {
	count, err := d.DeviceKeysTable.CountStreamIDsForUser(ctx, userID, prevIDs)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	return count == len(prevIDs), nil
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) StoreRemoteDeviceKeys(ctx context.Context, keys []api.DeviceMessage, clearUserIDs []string) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		for _, userID := range clearUserIDs {
			err := d.DeviceKeysTable.DeleteAllDeviceKeys(ctx, txn, userID)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		return d.DeviceKeysTable.InsertDeviceKeys(ctx, txn, keys)
	})
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) StoreLocalDeviceKeys(ctx context.Context, keys []api.DeviceMessage) error {
	// work out the latest stream IDs for each user
	userIDToStreamID := make(map[string]int64)
	for _, k := range keys {
		userIDToStreamID[k.UserID] = 0
	}
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		for userID := range userIDToStreamID {
			streamID, err := d.DeviceKeysTable.SelectMaxStreamIDForUser(ctx, txn, userID)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			userIDToStreamID[userID] = streamID
		}
		// set the stream IDs for each key
		for i := range keys {
			k := keys[i]
			userIDToStreamID[k.UserID]++ // start stream from 1
			k.StreamID = userIDToStreamID[k.UserID]
			keys[i] = k
		}
		return d.DeviceKeysTable.InsertDeviceKeys(ctx, txn, keys)
	})
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) DeviceKeysForUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, deviceIDs []string, includeEmpty bool) ([]api.DeviceMessage, error) {
	return d.DeviceKeysTable.SelectBatchDeviceKeys(ctx, userID, deviceIDs, includeEmpty)
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) ClaimKeys(ctx context.Context, userToDeviceToAlgorithm map[string]map[string]string) ([]api.OneTimeKeys, error) {
	var result []api.OneTimeKeys
	err := d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		for userID, deviceToAlgo := range userToDeviceToAlgorithm {
			for deviceID, algo := range deviceToAlgo {
				keyJSON, err := d.OneTimeKeysTable.SelectAndDeleteOneTimeKey(ctx, txn, userID, deviceID, algo)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				if keyJSON != nil {
					result = append(result, api.OneTimeKeys{
						UserID:   userID,
						DeviceID: deviceID,
						KeyJSON:  keyJSON,
					})
				}
			}
		}
		return nil
	})
	return result, err
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) StoreKeyChange(ctx context.Context, userID string) (id int64, err error) {
	err = d.Writer.Do(nil, nil, func(_ *sql.Tx) error {
		id, err = d.KeyChangesTable.InsertKeyChange(ctx, userID)
		return err
	})
	return
}

func (d *KeyDatabase) KeyChanges(ctx context.Context, fromOffset, toOffset int64) (userIDs []string, latestOffset int64, err error) {
	return d.KeyChangesTable.SelectKeyChanges(ctx, fromOffset, toOffset)
}

// StaleDeviceLists returns a list of user IDs ending with the domains provided who have stale device lists.
// If no domains are given, all user IDs with stale device lists are returned.
func (d *KeyDatabase) StaleDeviceLists(ctx context.Context, domains []gomatrixserverlib.ServerName) ([]string, error) {
	return d.StaleDeviceListsTable.SelectUserIDsWithStaleDeviceLists(ctx, domains)
}

// MarkDeviceListStale sets the stale bit for this user to isStale.
func (d *KeyDatabase) MarkDeviceListStale(ctx context.Context, userID string, isStale bool) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(nil, nil, func(_ *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.StaleDeviceListsTable.InsertStaleDeviceList(ctx, userID, isStale)
	})
}

// DeleteDeviceKeys removes the device keys for a given user/device, and any accompanying
// cross-signing signatures relating to that device.
func (d *KeyDatabase) DeleteDeviceKeys(ctx context.Context, userID string, deviceIDs []gomatrixserverlib.KeyID) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		for _, deviceID := range deviceIDs {
			if err := d.CrossSigningSigsTable.DeleteCrossSigningSigsForTarget(ctx, txn, userID, deviceID); err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
				return fmt.Errorf("d.CrossSigningSigsTable.DeleteCrossSigningSigsForTarget: %w", err)
			}
			if err := d.DeviceKeysTable.DeleteDeviceKeys(ctx, txn, userID, string(deviceID)); err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
				return fmt.Errorf("d.DeviceKeysTable.DeleteDeviceKeys: %w", err)
			}
			if err := d.OneTimeKeysTable.DeleteOneTimeKeys(ctx, txn, userID, string(deviceID)); err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
				return fmt.Errorf("d.OneTimeKeysTable.DeleteOneTimeKeys: %w", err)
			}
		}
		return nil
	})
}

// CrossSigningKeysForUser returns the latest known cross-signing keys for a user, if any.
func (d *KeyDatabase) CrossSigningKeysForUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (map[fclient.CrossSigningKeyPurpose]fclient.CrossSigningKey, error) {
	keyMap, err := d.CrossSigningKeysTable.SelectCrossSigningKeysForUser(ctx, nil, userID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("d.CrossSigningKeysTable.SelectCrossSigningKeysForUser: %w", err)
	}
	results := map[fclient.CrossSigningKeyPurpose]fclient.CrossSigningKey{}
	for purpose, key := range keyMap {
		keyID := gomatrixserverlib.KeyID("ed25519:" + key.Encode())
		result := fclient.CrossSigningKey{
			UserID: userID,
			Usage:  []fclient.CrossSigningKeyPurpose{purpose},
			Keys: map[gomatrixserverlib.KeyID]gomatrixserverlib.Base64Bytes{
				keyID: key,
			},
		}
		sigMap, err := d.CrossSigningSigsTable.SelectCrossSigningSigsForTarget(ctx, nil, userID, userID, keyID)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		for sigUserID, forSigUserID := range sigMap {
			if userID != sigUserID {
				continue
			}
			if result.Signatures == nil {
				result.Signatures = map[string]map[gomatrixserverlib.KeyID]gomatrixserverlib.Base64Bytes{}
			}
			if _, ok := result.Signatures[sigUserID]; !ok {
				result.Signatures[sigUserID] = map[gomatrixserverlib.KeyID]gomatrixserverlib.Base64Bytes{}
			}
			for sigKeyID, sigBytes := range forSigUserID {
				result.Signatures[sigUserID][sigKeyID] = sigBytes
			}
		}
		results[purpose] = result
	}
	return results, nil
}

// CrossSigningKeysForUser returns the latest known cross-signing keys for a user, if any.
func (d *KeyDatabase) CrossSigningKeysDataForUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (types.CrossSigningKeyMap, error) {
	return d.CrossSigningKeysTable.SelectCrossSigningKeysForUser(ctx, nil, userID)
}

// CrossSigningSigsForTarget returns the signatures for a given user's key ID, if any.
func (d *KeyDatabase) CrossSigningSigsForTarget(ctx context.Context, originUserID, targetUserID string, targetKeyID gomatrixserverlib.KeyID) (types.CrossSigningSigMap, error) {
	return d.CrossSigningSigsTable.SelectCrossSigningSigsForTarget(ctx, nil, originUserID, targetUserID, targetKeyID)
}

// StoreCrossSigningKeysForUser stores the latest known cross-signing keys for a user.
func (d *KeyDatabase) StoreCrossSigningKeysForUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, keyMap types.CrossSigningKeyMap) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		for keyType, keyData := range keyMap {
			if err := d.CrossSigningKeysTable.UpsertCrossSigningKeysForUser(ctx, txn, userID, keyType, keyData); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("d.CrossSigningKeysTable.InsertCrossSigningKeysForUser: %w", err)
			}
		}
		return nil
	})
}

// StoreCrossSigningSigsForTarget stores a signature for a target user ID and key/dvice.
func (d *KeyDatabase) StoreCrossSigningSigsForTarget(
	ctx context.Context,
	originUserID string, originKeyID gomatrixserverlib.KeyID,
	targetUserID string, targetKeyID gomatrixserverlib.KeyID,
	signature gomatrixserverlib.Base64Bytes,
) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		if err := d.CrossSigningSigsTable.UpsertCrossSigningSigsForTarget(ctx, nil, originUserID, originKeyID, targetUserID, targetKeyID, signature); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("d.CrossSigningSigsTable.InsertCrossSigningSigsForTarget: %w", err)
		}
		return nil
	})
}

// DeleteStaleDeviceLists deletes stale device list entries for users we don't share a room with anymore.
func (d *KeyDatabase) DeleteStaleDeviceLists(
	ctx context.Context,
	userIDs []string,
) error {
	return d.Writer.Do(d.DB, nil, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
		return d.StaleDeviceListsTable.DeleteStaleDeviceLists(ctx, txn, userIDs)
	})
}